[C++] Expand min_max/hash_min_max type support

[asfimport]

We should support strings and ensure date/time/duration types are tested. I don't think any nested type is in scope.

Reporter: David Li / @lidavidm

Related issues:

• [C++] Add compute function min_max support for more types (duplicates)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13758. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}