[C++] Add string struct extract kernel using re2

[asfimport]

Similar to Pandas' str.extract a way to convert a string to a struct of strings using the re2 regex library (when having named captured groups). 

Reporter: Maarten Breddels / @maartenbreddels
Assignee: Maarten Breddels / @maartenbreddels

Related issues:

• [C++] Add re2 library to core arrow / ARROW_WITH_RE2 (is blocked by)
• [C++] String algorithm library for StringArray/BinaryArray (is a child of)
• [R] Filter with regular expressions (is depended upon by)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #8459

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-10195. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 8459
#8459