## Coverage Report

#### Created: 2025-08-26 07:03

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    /Users/andrewlamb/Software/arrow-rs/arrow-array/src/array/struct_array.rs

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    // Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    2
    // or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    3
    // distributed with this work for additional information
    4
    // regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    5
    // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    6
    // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    7
    // with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    8
    //
    9
    //   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    10
    //
    11
    // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
    12
    // software distributed under the License is distributed on an
    13
    // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
    14
    // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
    15
    // specific language governing permissions and limitations
    16
    // under the License.
    17
    18
    use crate::array::print_long_array;
    19
    use crate::{make_array, new_null_array, Array, ArrayRef, RecordBatch};
    20
    use arrow_buffer::{BooleanBuffer, Buffer, NullBuffer};
    21
    use arrow_data::{ArrayData, ArrayDataBuilder};
    22
    use arrow_schema::{ArrowError, DataType, Field, FieldRef, Fields};
    23
    use std::sync::Arc;
    24
    use std::{any::Any, ops::Index};
    25
    26
    /// An array of [structs](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/Columnar.html#struct-layout)
    27
    ///
    28
    /// Each child (called *field*) is represented by a separate array.
    29
    ///
    30
    /// # Comparison with [RecordBatch]
    31
    ///
    32
    /// Both [`RecordBatch`] and [`StructArray`] represent a collection of columns / arrays with the
    33
    /// same length.
    34
    ///
    35
    /// However, there are a couple of key differences:
    36
    ///
    37
    /// * [`StructArray`] can be nested within other [`Array`], including itself
    38
    /// * [`RecordBatch`] can contain top-level metadata on its associated [`Schema`][arrow_schema::Schema]
    39
    /// * [`StructArray`] can contain top-level nulls, i.e. `null`
    40
    /// * [`RecordBatch`] can only represent nulls in its child columns, i.e. `{"field": null}`
    41
    ///
    42
    /// [`StructArray`] is therefore a more general data container than [`RecordBatch`], and as such
    43
    /// code that needs to handle both will typically share an implementation in terms of
    44
    /// [`StructArray`] and convert to/from [`RecordBatch`] as necessary.
    45
    ///
    46
    /// [`From`] implementations are provided to facilitate this conversion, however, converting
    47
    /// from a [`StructArray`] containing top-level nulls to a [`RecordBatch`] will panic, as there
    48
    /// is no way to preserve them.
    49
    ///
    50
    /// # Example: Create an array from a vector of fields
    51
    ///
    52
    /// ```
    53
    /// use std::sync::Arc;
    54
    /// use arrow_array::{Array, ArrayRef, BooleanArray, Int32Array, StructArray};
    55
    /// use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field};
    56
    ///
    57
    /// let boolean = Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![false, false, true, true]));
    58
    /// let int = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![42, 28, 19, 31]));
    59
    ///
    60
    /// let struct_array = StructArray::from(vec![
    61
    ///     (
    62
    ///         Arc::new(Field::new("b", DataType::Boolean, false)),
    63
    ///         boolean.clone() as ArrayRef,
    64
    ///     ),
    65
    ///     (
    66
    ///         Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Int32, false)),
    67
    ///         int.clone() as ArrayRef,
    68
    ///     ),
    69
    /// ]);
    70
    /// assert_eq!(struct_array.column(0).as_ref(), boolean.as_ref());
    71
    /// assert_eq!(struct_array.column(1).as_ref(), int.as_ref());
    72
    /// assert_eq!(4, struct_array.len());
    73
    /// assert_eq!(0, struct_array.null_count());
    74
    /// assert_eq!(0, struct_array.offset());
    75
    /// ```
    76
    #[derive(Clone)]
    77
    pub struct StructArray {
    78
        len: usize,
    79
        data_type: DataType,
    80
        nulls: Option<NullBuffer>,
    81
        fields: Vec<ArrayRef>,
    82
    }
    83
    84
    impl StructArray {
    85
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] from the provided parts, panicking on failure
    86
        ///
    87
        /// # Panics
    88
        ///
    89
        /// Panics if [`Self::try_new`] returns an error
    90
    87
        pub fn new(fields: Fields, arrays: Vec<ArrayRef>, nulls: Option<NullBuffer>) -> Self {
    91
    87
            Self::try_new(fields, arrays, nulls).unwrap()
    92
    87
        }
    93
    94
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] from the provided parts, returning an error on failure
    95
        ///
    96
        /// The length will be inferred from the length of the child arrays.  Returns an error if
    97
        /// there are no child arrays.  Consider using [`Self::try_new_with_length`] if the length
    98
        /// is known to avoid this.
    99
        ///
    100
        /// # Errors
    101
        ///
    102
        /// Errors if
    103
        ///
    104
        /// * `fields.len() == 0`
    105
        /// * Any reason that [`Self::try_new_with_length`] would error
    106
    87
        pub fn try_new(
    107
    87
            fields: Fields,
    108
    87
            arrays: Vec<ArrayRef>,
    109
    87
            nulls: Option<NullBuffer>,
    110
    87
        ) -> Result<Self, ArrowError> {
    111
    87
            let len = arrays.first().map(|x| x.len()).ok_or_else(||ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError("use StructArray::try_new_with_length or StructArray::new_empty_fields to create a struct array with no fields so that the length can be set correctly"0.to_string0()))?0;
    112
    113
    87
            Self::try_new_with_length(fields, arrays, nulls, len)
    114
    87
        }
    115
    116
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] from the provided parts, returning an error on failure
    117
        ///
    118
        /// # Errors
    119
        ///
    120
        /// Errors if
    121
        ///
    122
        /// * `fields.len() != arrays.len()`
    123
        /// * `fields[i].data_type() != arrays[i].data_type()`
    124
        /// * `arrays[i].len() != arrays[j].len()`
    125
        /// * `arrays[i].len() != nulls.len()`
    126
        /// * `!fields[i].is_nullable() && !nulls.contains(arrays[i].nulls())`
    127
    92
        pub fn try_new_with_length(
    128
    92
            fields: Fields,
    129
    92
            arrays: Vec<ArrayRef>,
    130
    92
            nulls: Option<NullBuffer>,
    131
    92
            len: usize,
    132
    92
        ) -> Result<Self, ArrowError> {
    133
    92
            if fields.len() != arrays.len() {
    134
    0
                return Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(format!(
    135
    0
                    "Incorrect number of arrays for StructArray fields, expected {} got {}",
    136
    0
                    fields.len(),
    137
    0
                    arrays.len()
    138
    0
                )));
    139
    92
            }
    140
    141
    92
            if let Some(n23) = nulls.as_ref() {
    142
    23
                if n.len() != len {
    143
    0
                    return Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(format!(
    144
    0
                        "Incorrect number of nulls for StructArray, expected {len} got {}",
    145
    0
                        n.len(),
    146
    0
                    )));
    147
    23
                }
    148
    69
            }
    149
    150
    161
            for (f, a) in fields.iter()92.zip92(&arrays92) {
    151
    161
                if f.data_type() != a.data_type() {
    152
    0
                    return Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(format!(
    153
    0
                        "Incorrect datatype for StructArray field {:?}, expected {} got {}",
    154
    0
                        f.name(),
    155
    0
                        f.data_type(),
    156
    0
                        a.data_type()
    157
    0
                    )));
    158
    161
                }
    159
    160
    161
                if a.len() != len {
    161
    0
                    return Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(format!(
    162
    0
                        "Incorrect array length for StructArray field {:?}, expected {} got {}",
    163
    0
                        f.name(),
    164
    0
                        len,
    165
    0
                        a.len()
    166
    0
                    )));
    167
    161
                }
    168
    169
    161
                if !f.is_nullable() {
    170
    56
                    if let Some(a2) = a.logical_nulls() {
    171
    2
                        if !nulls.as_ref().map(|n| n.contains(&a)).unwrap_or_default()
    172
    0
                            && a.null_count() > 0
    173
                        {
    174
    0
                            return Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(format!(
    175
    0
                                "Found unmasked nulls for non-nullable StructArray field {:?}",
    176
    0
                                f.name()
    177
    0
                            )));
    178
    2
                        }
    179
    54
                    }
    180
    105
                }
    181
            }
    182
    183
            Ok(Self {
    184
    92
                len,
    185
    92
                data_type: DataType::Struct(fields),
    186
    92
                nulls: nulls.filter(|n| n23.null_count23() > 0),
    187
    92
                fields: arrays,
    188
            })
    189
    92
        }
    190
    191
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] of length `len` where all values are null
    192
    0
        pub fn new_null(fields: Fields, len: usize) -> Self {
    193
    0
            let arrays = fields
    194
    0
                .iter()
    195
    0
                .map(|f| new_null_array(f.data_type(), len))
    196
    0
                .collect();
    197
    198
    0
            Self {
    199
    0
                len,
    200
    0
                data_type: DataType::Struct(fields),
    201
    0
                nulls: Some(NullBuffer::new_null(len)),
    202
    0
                fields: arrays,
    203
    0
            }
    204
    0
        }
    205
    206
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] from the provided parts without validation
    207
        ///
    208
        /// The length will be inferred from the length of the child arrays.  Panics if there are no
    209
        /// child arrays.  Consider using [`Self::new_unchecked_with_length`] if the length is known
    210
        /// to avoid this.
    211
        ///
    212
        /// # Safety
    213
        ///
    214
        /// Safe if [`Self::new`] would not panic with the given arguments
    215
    0
        pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(
    216
    0
            fields: Fields,
    217
    0
            arrays: Vec<ArrayRef>,
    218
    0
            nulls: Option<NullBuffer>,
    219
    0
        ) -> Self {
    220
    0
            if cfg!(feature = "force_validate") {
    221
    0
                return Self::new(fields, arrays, nulls);
    222
    0
            }
    223
    224
    0
            let len = arrays.first().map(|x| x.len()).expect(
    225
    0
                "cannot use StructArray::new_unchecked if there are no fields, length is unknown",
    226
            );
    227
    0
            Self {
    228
    0
                len,
    229
    0
                data_type: DataType::Struct(fields),
    230
    0
                nulls,
    231
    0
                fields: arrays,
    232
    0
            }
    233
    0
        }
    234
    235
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] from the provided parts without validation
    236
        ///
    237
        /// # Safety
    238
        ///
    239
        /// Safe if [`Self::new`] would not panic with the given arguments
    240
    0
        pub unsafe fn new_unchecked_with_length(
    241
    0
            fields: Fields,
    242
    0
            arrays: Vec<ArrayRef>,
    243
    0
            nulls: Option<NullBuffer>,
    244
    0
            len: usize,
    245
    0
        ) -> Self {
    246
    0
            if cfg!(feature = "force_validate") {
    247
    0
                return Self::try_new_with_length(fields, arrays, nulls, len).unwrap();
    248
    0
            }
    249
    250
    0
            Self {
    251
    0
                len,
    252
    0
                data_type: DataType::Struct(fields),
    253
    0
                nulls,
    254
    0
                fields: arrays,
    255
    0
            }
    256
    0
        }
    257
    258
        /// Create a new [`StructArray`] containing no fields
    259
        ///
    260
        /// # Panics
    261
        ///
    262
        /// If `len != nulls.len()`
    263
    0
        pub fn new_empty_fields(len: usize, nulls: Option<NullBuffer>) -> Self {
    264
    0
            if let Some(n) = &nulls {
    265
    0
                assert_eq!(len, n.len())
    266
    0
            }
    267
    0
            Self {
    268
    0
                len,
    269
    0
                data_type: DataType::Struct(Fields::empty()),
    270
    0
                fields: vec![],
    271
    0
                nulls,
    272
    0
            }
    273
    0
        }
    274
    275
        /// Deconstruct this array into its constituent parts
    276
    0
        pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Fields, Vec<ArrayRef>, Option<NullBuffer>) {
    277
    0
            let f = match self.data_type {
    278
    0
                DataType::Struct(f) => f,
    279
    0
                _ => unreachable!(),
    280
            };
    281
    0
            (f, self.fields, self.nulls)
    282
    0
        }
    283
    284
        /// Returns the field at `pos`.
    285
    39
        pub fn column(&self, pos: usize) -> &ArrayRef {
    286
    39
            &self.fields[pos]
    287
    39
        }
    288
    289
        /// Return the number of fields in this struct array
    290
    0
        pub fn num_columns(&self) -> usize {
    291
    0
            self.fields.len()
    292
    0
        }
    293
    294
        /// Returns the fields of the struct array
    295
    20
        pub fn columns(&self) -> &[ArrayRef] {
    296
    20
            &self.fields
    297
    20
        }
    298
    299
        /// Return field names in this struct array
    300
    12
        pub fn column_names(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
    301
    12
            match self.data_type() {
    302
    12
                DataType::Struct(fields) => fields
    303
    12
                    .iter()
    304
    19
                    .map12(|f| f.name().as_str())
    305
    12
                    .collect::<Vec<&str>>(),
    306
    0
                _ => unreachable!("Struct array's data type is not struct!"),
    307
            }
    308
    12
        }
    309
    310
        /// Returns the [`Fields`] of this [`StructArray`]
    311
    0
        pub fn fields(&self) -> &Fields {
    312
    0
            match self.data_type() {
    313
    0
                DataType::Struct(f) => f,
    314
    0
                _ => unreachable!(),
    315
            }
    316
    0
        }
    317
    318
        /// Return child array whose field name equals to column_name
    319
        ///
    320
        /// Note: A schema can currently have duplicate field names, in which case
    321
        /// the first field will always be selected.
    322
        /// This issue will be addressed in [ARROW-11178](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-11178)
    323
    12
        pub fn column_by_name(&self, column_name: &str) -> Option<&ArrayRef> {
    324
    12
            self.column_names()
    325
    12
                .iter()
    326
    14
                .position12(|c| c == &column_name)
    327
    12
                .map(|pos| self.column(pos))
    328
    12
        }
    329
    330
        /// Returns a zero-copy slice of this array with the indicated offset and length.
    331
    17
        pub fn slice(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> Self {
    332
    17
            assert!(
    333
    17
                offset.saturating_add(len) <= self.len,
    334
    0
                "the length + offset of the sliced StructArray cannot exceed the existing length"
    335
            );
    336
    337
    31
            let fields17 = self.fields.iter()17.map17(|a| a.slice(offset, len)).collect17();
    338
    339
            Self {
    340
    17
                len,
    341
    17
                data_type: self.data_type.clone(),
    342
    17
                nulls: self.nulls.as_ref().map(|n| n5.slice5(offset5, len5)),
    343
    17
                fields,
    344
            }
    345
    17
        }
    346
    }
    347
    348
    impl From<ArrayData> for StructArray {
    349
    15
        fn from(data: ArrayData) -> Self {
    350
    15
            let parent_offset = data.offset();
    351
    15
            let parent_len = data.len();
    352
    353
    15
            let fields = data
    354
    15
                .child_data()
    355
    15
                .iter()
    356
    25
                .map15(|cd| {
    357
    25
                    if parent_offset != 0 || parent_len != cd.len() {
    358
    0
                        make_array(cd.slice(parent_offset, parent_len))
    359
                    } else {
    360
    25
                        make_array(cd.clone())
    361
                    }
    362
    25
                })
    363
    15
                .collect();
    364
    365
    15
            Self {
    366
    15
                len: data.len(),
    367
    15
                data_type: data.data_type().clone(),
    368
    15
                nulls: data.nulls().cloned(),
    369
    15
                fields,
    370
    15
            }
    371
    15
        }
    372
    }
    373
    374
    impl From<StructArray> for ArrayData {
    375
    99
        fn from(array: StructArray) -> Self {
    376
    99
            let builder = ArrayDataBuilder::new(array.data_type)
    377
    99
                .len(array.len)
    378
    99
                .nulls(array.nulls)
    379
    172
                .child_data99(array.fields.iter()99.map99(|x| x.to_data()).collect99());
    380
    381
    99
            unsafe { builder.build_unchecked() }
    382
    99
        }
    383
    }
    384
    385
    impl TryFrom<Vec<(&str, ArrayRef)>> for StructArray {
    386
        type Error = ArrowError;
    387
    388
        /// builds a StructArray from a vector of names and arrays.
    389
    0
        fn try_from(values: Vec<(&str, ArrayRef)>) -> Result<Self, ArrowError> {
    390
    0
            let (fields, arrays): (Vec<_>, _) = values
    391
    0
                .into_iter()
    392
    0
                .map(|(name, array)| {
    393
    0
                    (
    394
    0
                        Field::new(name, array.data_type().clone(), array.is_nullable()),
    395
    0
                        array,
    396
    0
                    )
    397
    0
                })
    398
    0
                .unzip();
    399
    400
    0
            StructArray::try_new(fields.into(), arrays, None)
    401
    0
        }
    402
    }
    403
    404
    impl Array for StructArray {
    405
    23
        fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
    406
    23
            self
    407
    23
        }
    408
    409
    95
        fn to_data(&self) -> ArrayData {
    410
    95
            self.clone().into()
    411
    95
        }
    412
    413
    4
        fn into_data(self) -> ArrayData {
    414
    4
            self.into()
    415
    4
        }
    416
    417
    139
        fn data_type(&self) -> &DataType {
    418
    139
            &self.data_type
    419
    139
        }
    420
    421
    16
        fn slice(&self, offset: usize, length: usize) -> ArrayRef {
    422
    16
            Arc::new(self.slice(offset, length))
    423
    16
        }
    424
    425
    151
        fn len(&self) -> usize {
    426
    151
            self.len
    427
    151
        }
    428
    429
    0
        fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
    430
    0
            self.len == 0
    431
    0
        }
    432
    433
    0
        fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
    434
    0
            if let Some(nulls) = &mut self.nulls {
    435
    0
                nulls.shrink_to_fit();
    436
    0
            }
    437
    0
            self.fields.iter_mut().for_each(|n| n.shrink_to_fit());
    438
    0
        }
    439
    440
    0
        fn offset(&self) -> usize {
    441
    0
            0
    442
    0
        }
    443
    444
    59
        fn nulls(&self) -> Option<&NullBuffer> {
    445
    59
            self.nulls.as_ref()
    446
    59
        }
    447
    448
    3
        fn logical_null_count(&self) -> usize {
    449
            // More efficient that the default implementation
    450
    3
            self.null_count()
    451
    3
        }
    452
    453
    0
        fn get_buffer_memory_size(&self) -> usize {
    454
    0
            let mut size = self.fields.iter().map(|a| a.get_buffer_memory_size()).sum();
    455
    0
            if let Some(n) = self.nulls.as_ref() {
    456
    0
                size += n.buffer().capacity();
    457
    0
            }
    458
    0
            size
    459
    0
        }
    460
    461
    0
        fn get_array_memory_size(&self) -> usize {
    462
    0
            let mut size = self.fields.iter().map(|a| a.get_array_memory_size()).sum();
    463
    0
            size += std::mem::size_of::<Self>();
    464
    0
            if let Some(n) = self.nulls.as_ref() {
    465
    0
                size += n.buffer().capacity();
    466
    0
            }
    467
    0
            size
    468
    0
        }
    469
    }
    470
    471
    impl From<Vec<(FieldRef, ArrayRef)>> for StructArray {
    472
    5
        fn from(v: Vec<(FieldRef, ArrayRef)>) -> Self {
    473
    5
            let (fields, arrays): (Vec<_>, _) = v.into_iter().unzip();
    474
    5
            StructArray::new(fields.into(), arrays, None)
    475
    5
        }
    476
    }
    477
    478
    impl std::fmt::Debug for StructArray {
    479
    0
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
    480
    0
            writeln!(f, "StructArray")?;
    481
    0
            writeln!(f, "-- validity:")?;
    482
    0
            writeln!(f, "[")?;
    483
    0
            print_long_array(self, f, |_array, _index, f| write!(f, "valid"))?;
    484
    0
            writeln!(f, "]\n[")?;
    485
    0
            for (child_index, name) in self.column_names().iter().enumerate() {
    486
    0
                let column = self.column(child_index);
    487
    0
                writeln!(
    488
    0
                    f,
    489
    0
                    "-- child {}: \"{}\" ({:?})",
    490
                    child_index,
    491
                    name,
    492
    0
                    column.data_type()
    493
    0
                )?;
    494
    0
                std::fmt::Debug::fmt(column, f)?;
    495
    0
                writeln!(f)?;
    496
            }
    497
    0
            write!(f, "]")
    498
    0
        }
    499
    }
    500
    501
    impl From<(Vec<(FieldRef, ArrayRef)>, Buffer)> for StructArray {
    502
    0
        fn from(pair: (Vec<(FieldRef, ArrayRef)>, Buffer)) -> Self {
    503
    0
            let len = pair.0.first().map(|x| x.1.len()).unwrap_or_default();
    504
    0
            let (fields, arrays): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = pair.0.into_iter().unzip();
    505
    0
            let nulls = NullBuffer::new(BooleanBuffer::new(pair.1, 0, len));
    506
    0
            Self::new(fields.into(), arrays, Some(nulls))
    507
    0
        }
    508
    }
    509
    510
    impl From<RecordBatch> for StructArray {
    511
    0
        fn from(value: RecordBatch) -> Self {
    512
    0
            Self {
    513
    0
                len: value.num_rows(),
    514
    0
                data_type: DataType::Struct(value.schema().fields().clone()),
    515
    0
                nulls: None,
    516
    0
                fields: value.columns().to_vec(),
    517
    0
            }
    518
    0
        }
    519
    }
    520
    521
    impl Index<&str> for StructArray {
    522
        type Output = ArrayRef;
    523
    524
        /// Get a reference to a column's array by name.
    525
        ///
    526
        /// Note: A schema can currently have duplicate field names, in which case
    527
        /// the first field will always be selected.
    528
        /// This issue will be addressed in [ARROW-11178](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-11178)
    529
        ///
    530
        /// # Panics
    531
        ///
    532
        /// Panics if the name is not in the schema.
    533
    0
        fn index(&self, name: &str) -> &Self::Output {
    534
    0
            self.column_by_name(name).unwrap()
    535
    0
        }
    536
    }
    537
    538
    #[cfg(test)]
    539
    mod tests {
    540
        use super::*;
    541
    542
        use crate::{BooleanArray, Float32Array, Float64Array, Int32Array, Int64Array, StringArray};
    543
        use arrow_buffer::ToByteSlice;
    544
    545
        #[test]
    546
        fn test_struct_array_builder() {
    547
            let boolean_array = BooleanArray::from(vec![false, false, true, true]);
    548
            let int_array = Int64Array::from(vec![42, 28, 19, 31]);
    549
    550
            let fields = vec![
    551
                Field::new("a", DataType::Boolean, false),
    552
                Field::new("b", DataType::Int64, false),
    553
            ];
    554
            let struct_array_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Struct(fields.into()))
    555
                .len(4)
    556
                .add_child_data(boolean_array.to_data())
    557
                .add_child_data(int_array.to_data())
    558
                .build()
    559
                .unwrap();
    560
            let struct_array = StructArray::from(struct_array_data);
    561
    562
            assert_eq!(struct_array.column(0).as_ref(), &boolean_array);
    563
            assert_eq!(struct_array.column(1).as_ref(), &int_array);
    564
        }
    565
    566
        #[test]
    567
        fn test_struct_array_from() {
    568
            let boolean = Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![false, false, true, true]));
    569
            let int = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![42, 28, 19, 31]));
    570
    571
            let struct_array = StructArray::from(vec![
    572
                (
    573
                    Arc::new(Field::new("b", DataType::Boolean, false)),
    574
                    boolean.clone() as ArrayRef,
    575
                ),
    576
                (
    577
                    Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Int32, false)),
    578
                    int.clone() as ArrayRef,
    579
                ),
    580
            ]);
    581
            assert_eq!(struct_array.column(0).as_ref(), boolean.as_ref());
    582
            assert_eq!(struct_array.column(1).as_ref(), int.as_ref());
    583
            assert_eq!(4, struct_array.len());
    584
            assert_eq!(0, struct_array.null_count());
    585
            assert_eq!(0, struct_array.offset());
    586
        }
    587
    588
        #[test]
    589
        fn test_struct_array_from_data_with_offset_and_length() {
    590
            // Various ways to make the struct array:
    591
            //
    592
            // [{x: 2}, {x: 3}, None]
    593
            //
    594
            // from slicing larger buffers/arrays with offsets and lengths
    595
            let int_arr = Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    596
            let int_field = Field::new("x", DataType::Int32, false);
    597
            let struct_nulls = NullBuffer::new(BooleanBuffer::from(vec![true, true, false]));
    598
            let int_data = int_arr.to_data();
    599
            // Case 1: Offset + length, nulls are not sliced
    600
            let case1 = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![int_field.clone()])))
    601
                .len(3)
    602
                .offset(1)
    603
                .nulls(Some(struct_nulls))
    604
                .add_child_data(int_data.clone())
    605
                .build()
    606
                .unwrap();
    607
    608
            // Case 2: Offset + length, nulls are sliced
    609
            let struct_nulls =
    610
                NullBuffer::new(BooleanBuffer::from(vec![true, true, true, false, true]).slice(1, 3));
    611
            let case2 = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![int_field.clone()])))
    612
                .len(3)
    613
                .offset(1)
    614
                .nulls(Some(struct_nulls.clone()))
    615
                .add_child_data(int_data.clone())
    616
                .build()
    617
                .unwrap();
    618
    619
            // Case 3: struct length is smaller than child length but no offset
    620
            let offset_int_data = int_data.slice(1, 4);
    621
            let case3 = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![int_field.clone()])))
    622
                .len(3)
    623
                .nulls(Some(struct_nulls))
    624
                .add_child_data(offset_int_data)
    625
                .build()
    626
                .unwrap();
    627
    628
            let expected = StructArray::new(
    629
                Fields::from(vec![int_field.clone()]),
    630
                vec![Arc::new(int_arr)],
    631
                Some(NullBuffer::new(BooleanBuffer::from(vec![
    632
                    true, true, true, false, true,
    633
                ]))),
    634
            )
    635
            .slice(1, 3);
    636
    637
            for case in [case1, case2, case3] {
    638
                let struct_arr_from_data = StructArray::from(case);
    639
                assert_eq!(struct_arr_from_data, expected);
    640
                assert_eq!(struct_arr_from_data.column(0), expected.column(0));
    641
            }
    642
        }
    643
    644
        #[test]
    645
        #[should_panic(expected = "assertion failed: (offset + length) <= self.len()")]
    646
        fn test_struct_array_from_data_with_offset_and_length_error() {
    647
            let int_arr = Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    648
            let int_field = Field::new("x", DataType::Int32, false);
    649
            let struct_nulls = NullBuffer::new(BooleanBuffer::from(vec![true, true, false]));
    650
            let int_data = int_arr.to_data();
    651
            // If parent offset is 3 and len is 3 then child must have 6 items
    652
            let struct_data =
    653
                ArrayData::builder(DataType::Struct(Fields::from(vec![int_field.clone()])))
    654
                    .len(3)
    655
                    .offset(3)
    656
                    .nulls(Some(struct_nulls))
    657
                    .add_child_data(int_data)
    658
                    .build()
    659
                    .unwrap();
    660
            let _ = StructArray::from(struct_data);
    661
        }
    662
    663
        /// validates that struct can be accessed using `column_name` as index i.e. `struct_array["column_name"]`.
    664
        #[test]
    665
        fn test_struct_array_index_access() {
    666
            let boolean = Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![false, false, true, true]));
    667
            let int = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![42, 28, 19, 31]));
    668
    669
            let struct_array = StructArray::from(vec![
    670
                (
    671
                    Arc::new(Field::new("b", DataType::Boolean, false)),
    672
                    boolean.clone() as ArrayRef,
    673
                ),
    674
                (
    675
                    Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Int32, false)),
    676
                    int.clone() as ArrayRef,
    677
                ),
    678
            ]);
    679
            assert_eq!(struct_array["b"].as_ref(), boolean.as_ref());
    680
            assert_eq!(struct_array["c"].as_ref(), int.as_ref());
    681
        }
    682
    683
        /// validates that the in-memory representation follows [the spec](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/Columnar.html#struct-layout)
    684
        #[test]
    685
        fn test_struct_array_from_vec() {
    686
            let strings: ArrayRef = Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec![
    687
                Some("joe"),
    688
                None,
    689
                None,
    690
                Some("mark"),
    691
            ]));
    692
            let ints: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![Some(1), Some(2), None, Some(4)]));
    693
    694
            let arr =
    695
                StructArray::try_from(vec![("f1", strings.clone()), ("f2", ints.clone())]).unwrap();
    696
    697
            let struct_data = arr.into_data();
    698
            assert_eq!(4, struct_data.len());
    699
            assert_eq!(0, struct_data.null_count());
    700
    701
            let expected_string_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Utf8)
    702
                .len(4)
    703
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(Buffer::from(&[9_u8])))
    704
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from([0, 3, 3, 3, 7].to_byte_slice()))
    705
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from(b"joemark"))
    706
                .build()
    707
                .unwrap();
    708
    709
            let expected_int_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Int32)
    710
                .len(4)
    711
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(Buffer::from(&[11_u8])))
    712
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from([1, 2, 0, 4].to_byte_slice()))
    713
                .build()
    714
                .unwrap();
    715
    716
            assert_eq!(expected_string_data, struct_data.child_data()[0]);
    717
            assert_eq!(expected_int_data, struct_data.child_data()[1]);
    718
        }
    719
    720
        #[test]
    721
        fn test_struct_array_from_vec_error() {
    722
            let strings: ArrayRef = Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec![
    723
                Some("joe"),
    724
                None,
    725
                None,
    726
                // 3 elements, not 4
    727
            ]));
    728
            let ints: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![Some(1), Some(2), None, Some(4)]));
    729
    730
            let err = StructArray::try_from(vec![("f1", strings.clone()), ("f2", ints.clone())])
    731
                .unwrap_err()
    732
                .to_string();
    733
    734
            assert_eq!(
    735
                err,
    736
                "Invalid argument error: Incorrect array length for StructArray field \"f2\", expected 3 got 4"
    737
            )
    738
        }
    739
    740
        #[test]
    741
        #[should_panic(
    742
            expected = "Incorrect datatype for StructArray field \\\"b\\\", expected Int16 got Boolean"
    743
        )]
    744
        fn test_struct_array_from_mismatched_types_single() {
    745
            drop(StructArray::from(vec![(
    746
                Arc::new(Field::new("b", DataType::Int16, false)),
    747
                Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![false, false, true, true])) as Arc<dyn Array>,
    748
            )]));
    749
        }
    750
    751
        #[test]
    752
        #[should_panic(
    753
            expected = "Incorrect datatype for StructArray field \\\"b\\\", expected Int16 got Boolean"
    754
        )]
    755
        fn test_struct_array_from_mismatched_types_multiple() {
    756
            drop(StructArray::from(vec![
    757
                (
    758
                    Arc::new(Field::new("b", DataType::Int16, false)),
    759
                    Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![false, false, true, true])) as Arc<dyn Array>,
    760
                ),
    761
                (
    762
                    Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Utf8, false)),
    763
                    Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![42, 28, 19, 31])),
    764
                ),
    765
            ]));
    766
        }
    767
    768
        #[test]
    769
        fn test_struct_array_slice() {
    770
            let boolean_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Boolean)
    771
                .len(5)
    772
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from([0b00010000]))
    773
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(Buffer::from([0b00010001])))
    774
                .build()
    775
                .unwrap();
    776
            let int_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Int32)
    777
                .len(5)
    778
                .add_buffer(Buffer::from([0, 28, 42, 0, 0].to_byte_slice()))
    779
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(Buffer::from([0b00000110])))
    780
                .build()
    781
                .unwrap();
    782
    783
            let field_types = vec![
    784
                Field::new("a", DataType::Boolean, true),
    785
                Field::new("b", DataType::Int32, true),
    786
            ];
    787
            let struct_array_data = ArrayData::builder(DataType::Struct(field_types.into()))
    788
                .len(5)
    789
                .add_child_data(boolean_data.clone())
    790
                .add_child_data(int_data.clone())
    791
                .null_bit_buffer(Some(Buffer::from([0b00010111])))
    792
                .build()
    793
                .unwrap();
    794
            let struct_array = StructArray::from(struct_array_data);
    795
    796
            assert_eq!(5, struct_array.len());
    797
            assert_eq!(1, struct_array.null_count());
    798
            assert!(struct_array.is_valid(0));
    799
            assert!(struct_array.is_valid(1));
    800
            assert!(struct_array.is_valid(2));
    801
            assert!(struct_array.is_null(3));
    802
            assert!(struct_array.is_valid(4));
    803
            assert_eq!(boolean_data, struct_array.column(0).to_data());
    804
            assert_eq!(int_data, struct_array.column(1).to_data());
    805
    806
            let c0 = struct_array.column(0);
    807
            let c0 = c0.as_any().downcast_ref::<BooleanArray>().unwrap();
    808
            assert_eq!(5, c0.len());
    809
            assert_eq!(3, c0.null_count());
    810
            assert!(c0.is_valid(0));
    811
            assert!(!c0.value(0));
    812
            assert!(c0.is_null(1));
    813
            assert!(c0.is_null(2));
    814
            assert!(c0.is_null(3));
    815
            assert!(c0.is_valid(4));
    816
            assert!(c0.value(4));
    817
    818
            let c1 = struct_array.column(1);
    819
            let c1 = c1.as_any().downcast_ref::<Int32Array>().unwrap();
    820
            assert_eq!(5, c1.len());
    821
            assert_eq!(3, c1.null_count());
    822
            assert!(c1.is_null(0));
    823
            assert!(c1.is_valid(1));
    824
            assert_eq!(28, c1.value(1));
    825
            assert!(c1.is_valid(2));
    826
            assert_eq!(42, c1.value(2));
    827
            assert!(c1.is_null(3));
    828
            assert!(c1.is_null(4));
    829
    830
            let sliced_array = struct_array.slice(2, 3);
    831
            let sliced_array = sliced_array.as_any().downcast_ref::<StructArray>().unwrap();
    832
            assert_eq!(3, sliced_array.len());
    833
            assert_eq!(1, sliced_array.null_count());
    834
            assert!(sliced_array.is_valid(0));
    835
            assert!(sliced_array.is_null(1));
    836
            assert!(sliced_array.is_valid(2));
    837
    838
            let sliced_c0 = sliced_array.column(0);
    839
            let sliced_c0 = sliced_c0.as_any().downcast_ref::<BooleanArray>().unwrap();
    840
            assert_eq!(3, sliced_c0.len());
    841
            assert!(sliced_c0.is_null(0));
    842
            assert!(sliced_c0.is_null(1));
    843
            assert!(sliced_c0.is_valid(2));
    844
            assert!(sliced_c0.value(2));
    845
    846
            let sliced_c1 = sliced_array.column(1);
    847
            let sliced_c1 = sliced_c1.as_any().downcast_ref::<Int32Array>().unwrap();
    848
            assert_eq!(3, sliced_c1.len());
    849
            assert!(sliced_c1.is_valid(0));
    850
            assert_eq!(42, sliced_c1.value(0));
    851
            assert!(sliced_c1.is_null(1));
    852
            assert!(sliced_c1.is_null(2));
    853
        }
    854
    855
        #[test]
    856
        #[should_panic(
    857
            expected = "Incorrect array length for StructArray field \\\"c\\\", expected 1 got 2"
    858
        )]
    859
        fn test_invalid_struct_child_array_lengths() {
    860
            drop(StructArray::from(vec![
    861
                (
    862
                    Arc::new(Field::new("b", DataType::Float32, false)),
    863
                    Arc::new(Float32Array::from(vec![1.1])) as Arc<dyn Array>,
    864
                ),
    865
                (
    866
                    Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Float64, false)),
    867
                    Arc::new(Float64Array::from(vec![2.2, 3.3])),
    868
                ),
    869
            ]));
    870
        }
    871
    872
        #[test]
    873
        #[should_panic(expected = "use StructArray::try_new_with_length")]
    874
        fn test_struct_array_from_empty() {
    875
            // This can't work because we don't know how many rows the array should have.  Previously we inferred 0 but
    876
            // that often led to bugs.
    877
            let _ = StructArray::from(vec![]);
    878
        }
    879
    880
        #[test]
    881
        fn test_empty_struct_array() {
    882
            assert!(StructArray::try_new(Fields::empty(), vec![], None).is_err());
    883
    884
            let arr = StructArray::new_empty_fields(10, None);
    885
            assert_eq!(arr.len(), 10);
    886
            assert_eq!(arr.null_count(), 0);
    887
            assert_eq!(arr.num_columns(), 0);
    888
    889
            let arr2 = StructArray::try_new_with_length(Fields::empty(), vec![], None, 10).unwrap();
    890
            assert_eq!(arr2.len(), 10);
    891
    892
            let arr = StructArray::new_empty_fields(10, Some(NullBuffer::new_null(10)));
    893
            assert_eq!(arr.len(), 10);
    894
            assert_eq!(arr.null_count(), 10);
    895
            assert_eq!(arr.num_columns(), 0);
    896
    897
            let arr2 = StructArray::try_new_with_length(
    898
                Fields::empty(),
    899
                vec![],
    900
                Some(NullBuffer::new_null(10)),
    901
                10,
    902
            )
    903
            .unwrap();
    904
            assert_eq!(arr2.len(), 10);
    905
        }
    906
    907
        #[test]
    908
        #[should_panic(expected = "Found unmasked nulls for non-nullable StructArray field \\\"c\\\"")]
    909
        fn test_struct_array_from_mismatched_nullability() {
    910
            drop(StructArray::from(vec![(
    911
                Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Int32, false)),
    912
                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![Some(42), None, Some(19)])) as ArrayRef,
    913
            )]));
    914
        }
    915
    916
        #[test]
    917
        fn test_struct_array_fmt_debug() {
    918
            let arr: StructArray = StructArray::new(
    919
                vec![Arc::new(Field::new("c", DataType::Int32, true))].into(),
    920
                vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from((0..30).collect::<Vec<_>>())) as ArrayRef],
    921
                Some(NullBuffer::new(BooleanBuffer::from(
    922
                    (0..30).map(|i| i % 2 == 0).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
    923
                ))),
    924
            );
    925
            assert_eq!(format!("{arr:?}"), "StructArray\n-- validity:\n[\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  ...10 elements...,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n  valid,\n  null,\n]\n[\n-- child 0: \"c\" (Int32)\nPrimitiveArray<Int32>\n[\n  0,\n  1,\n  2,\n  3,\n  4,\n  5,\n  6,\n  7,\n  8,\n  9,\n  ...10 elements...,\n  20,\n  21,\n  22,\n  23,\n  24,\n  25,\n  26,\n  27,\n  28,\n  29,\n]\n]")
    926
        }
    927
    928
        #[test]
    929
        fn test_struct_array_logical_nulls() {
    930
            // Field is non-nullable
    931
            let field = Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false);
    932
            let values = vec![1, 2, 3];
    933
            // Create a NullBuffer with all bits set to valid (true)
    934
            let nulls = NullBuffer::from(vec![true, true, true]);
    935
            let array = Int32Array::new(values.into(), Some(nulls));
    936
            let child = Arc::new(array) as ArrayRef;
    937
            assert!(child.logical_nulls().is_some());
    938
            assert_eq!(child.logical_nulls().unwrap().null_count(), 0);
    939
    940
            let fields = Fields::from(vec![field]);
    941
            let arrays = vec![child];
    942
            let nulls = None;
    943
    944
            StructArray::try_new(fields, arrays, nulls).expect("should not error");
    945
        }
    946
    }